Spinal Fusion

musculoskeletal

Description

Spinal fusion is a surgical procedure that permanently joins two or more vertebrae to eliminate painful motion and stabilize the spine. It is indicated for degenerative disc disease, spondylolisthesis, spinal stenosis, scoliosis, and fractures. The procedure uses bone grafts (autologous or synthetic) along with metal hardware (screws, rods, cages) to promote bone growth between vertebrae. Modern approaches include minimally invasive techniques using tubular retractors and navigation systems that reduce muscle damage and speed recovery. Interbody fusion techniques (TLIF, ALIF, XLIF) provide structural support and restore disc height. Success rates range from 70-95% depending on indication and technique.

What to Expect

Surgery takes 2-6 hours depending on the number of levels fused and approach used. Hospital stay is 2-4 days. Minimally invasive approaches may allow shorter stays. A brace may be prescribed for 6-12 weeks. Walking begins within 24 hours. Your team will monitor neurological function and manage pain with multimodal protocols. Drain tubes are typically removed within 1-2 days.

Recovery Information

Weeks 1-4: Home recovery with limited bending, lifting, and twisting. Walking is encouraged. Weeks 4-8: Gradual increase in activity. Physical therapy begins at 6-8 weeks. Months 2-4: Progressive strengthening and flexibility work. Months 4-6: Bone fusion solidifies, most patients return to desk work by 6-8 weeks. Full bone fusion takes 3-6 months. Heavy lifting and contact sports are restricted for 6-12 months. Smoking cessation is critical for successful fusion.