In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

reproductive

Description

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is an assisted reproductive technology where eggs are retrieved from the ovaries, fertilized with sperm in a laboratory, and resulting embryos are transferred to the uterus. IVF is indicated for tubal factor infertility, severe male factor infertility, endometriosis, unexplained infertility, and age-related fertility decline. Modern IVF includes intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), time-lapse embryo monitoring, and vitrification (fast-freezing) of eggs and embryos. Success rates vary significantly by age: 40-50% per cycle for women under 35, declining to 15-20% for women over 40. Multiple cycles may be needed.

What to Expect

A full IVF cycle takes 4-6 weeks. Ovarian stimulation with injectable hormones lasts 10-12 days with regular ultrasound and blood monitoring. Egg retrieval is a minor outpatient procedure under sedation lasting 15-20 minutes. Fertilization occurs in the laboratory over 3-5 days. Embryo transfer is a painless procedure requiring no anesthesia. Minimal downtime is needed after transfer. A pregnancy test is performed 10-14 days after transfer.

Recovery Information

After egg retrieval: Rest for 24-48 hours, mild cramping and bloating are normal. After embryo transfer: Light activity recommended for 2-3 days, then return to normal routine. Avoid strenuous exercise and hot baths during the two-week wait. Pregnancy test at 10-14 days post-transfer. If positive, early ultrasound at 6-7 weeks. The entire process from first consultation to pregnancy test spans about 6-8 weeks. Emotional support and counseling are recommended throughout.